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Copyright © 1999 by Sergei V. Rjabchikov. All Rights Reserved.

THE INTERPRETATION OF A SARMATIAN TEXT

by Sergei V. Rjabchikov

"The magic song of the mermaids" is as follows (Sakharov 1885):

Shivda, vinza, kalanda, minogama!
Iyda, iyda, yakutalima, batama!
Nuffasha, zinzama, ohuto, mi!
Kopotso, kopotsam, kopotsama!
Yabudala, vikgaza, meyda!
Io, ia, o - io, ia, tsok! io, ia, patstso! io, ia, pipatstso!
ookatama, zoostsoma, nikam, nikam, sholda!
Pats, pats, pats, pats, pats, pats, pats, pats!
Pintso, pintso, pintso, dynza!
Shono, pintso, pintso, dynza!
Shono, chihodam, vikgaza, meyda!
Bopotso, hondyremo, botsopo, galemo!
Ruahado, ryndo, ryndo, galemo!
Io, ia, o! io, ia, tsolk! io, ia, tsolk! io, ia, tsolk!
Nippuda, boaltamo, giltoveka, sholda!
Koffudamo, shiraffo, stsohalemo, sholda!
Shono, shono, shono!
Pintso, pintso, pintso!

I think that it is the Sarmatian text composed in the Kuban area.

The words zinzama, ohuto, mi give the words zamahu Tomi '(to) the fortress Tomi'. The town Tomi is known later as Tamatarha and Tmutarakan'.

The text vikgaza, meyda! Io, ia, o - io, ia, tsok! io, ia, patstso! io, ia, pipatstso! correlates with the ancient record on both sides of the Pnevishcha stone (see figures 1 and 2).

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

The words vikgaza, meyda read vik gaza mey da 'the time of the serpent (by the name) The Sun-the Mother' (it is the Scythian goddess Argimpasa). Here the Indo-Aryan (Sindian) term da 'mother' (Trubachev 1978: 36-7) is used. The words Io, ia, o (io, ia) correspond to the words Io Io inscribed to the left of the sign of a pike in figure 2. As has been shown earlier, the name of Argimpasa is similar in particular to the name of the Greek giant Argos, the herdsman of the cow (goddess) Io. Perhaps the name Io is recorded on the stone. Interestingly, the word shch-ch (ts) (cf. Russian shchuka 'pike') written down on the stone correlates with the word tsok of the mysterious text. Besides, the word patstso is equal to the word pasa, a component of the name of the goddess Argimpasa. The word pi compares with the name of the Scythian goddess Api.

The word ookatama correlates with the Scythian name Oktamasados.

Let us study the text botsopo, galemo! Ruahado, ryndo, ryndo, galemo! Here the word botsopo < Greek bous 'bull' and Sarmatian *topo- (cf. Russian topat' 'to stamp the ground') is a variant of the Greek name Bosporos (lit. 'The ford of the bulls') 'Kerch Strait'. The word galemo is equal to Old Russian golemo 'many'. The word ruahado sounds as reve(t) ad in modern Russian and signifies 'the hell howls'. The word ryndo (cf. Russian rydat' 'to cry') 'to howl; to cry' is connected with the term Temarunda (1).

The words Koffudamo, shiraffo, stsohalemo, sholda! read Koffu damo shiraffo stsoha lemo; shol da '(The river) Kuban gives the wide estuary Tsokur (Sokur); the sun-mother'. Here the river Kuban is called Koffu. I have read the Sindian inscription with the name of the river Kuban; cf. its following names: Greek Koufes, Kofen and Italian Cuphis, Copa. The Tsokur (Sokur) estuary (2) includes the modern Tsokur and Kiziltash estuaries. The sun goddess is called Shol (i.e. Sol). This name is registered in the inscription te theo Sol 'to the goddess Sol (the sun)' of 2nd century A.D. discovered on the Taman' Peninsula (Trubachev 1981: 14).

NOTES

1. Cf. also (Trubachev 1978: 36).

2. Cf. also Greek limen 'landing-stage; harbour'.

REFERENCES

Sakharov, I.P., 1885. Skazaniya russkogo naroda. St. Petersburg.

Trubachev, O.N., 1978. Nekotorye dannye ob indoariyskom yazykovom substrate Severnogo Kavkaza v antichnoe vremya. Vestnik drevney istorii, No 4: 34-42.

Trubachev, O.N., 1981. Indoarica v Severnom Prichernomor'e. Istochniki. Interpretatsiya. Rekonstruktsiya. Voprosy yazykoznaniya, No 2: 3-21.

Published 30 November 1999.

Sergei V. Rjabchikov, Krasnodar, RUSSIA.

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